The d- and f-Block Elements – Class 12 Chemistry Notes | Transition & Inner Transition Elements
🧪 Chapter 8: The d- and f-Block Elements --- 🔹 Introduction d-block → Groups 3–12 f-block → Lanthanides and actinides Known as transition and inner transition elements --- 🔹 Electronic Configuration General: d-block: (n-1)d¹–¹⁰ ns¹–² f-block: (n-2)f¹–¹⁴ (n-1)d⁰–¹ ns² --- 🔹 Properties of d-block Elements Variable oxidation states Formation of colored compounds Catalytic properties Paramagnetic behavior Complex formation 📌 Diagram: Table of transition elements and their oxidation states --- 🔹 Important Series First transition series: Sc to Zn Second series: Y to Cd Third series: La to Hg (excluding lanthanides) --- 🔹 Lanthanides (4f series) Elements: Ce (58) to Lu (71) Properties: +3 oxidation state common Lanthanide contraction Poor shielding by 4f electrons 📌 Diagram: Lanthanide contraction chart --- 🔹 Actinides (5f series) Elements: Th (90) to Lr (103) Properties: Radioactive +3 to +6 oxidation states Poor shielding, large atomic size 📌 Diagram: f-block placement in per...