About

 About Shahid Notes


Welcome to Shahid Notes – your one-stop destination for Class 12 study material.


This blog was started with the goal of helping students easily understand complex topics through simple and to-the-point notes. Whether it’s Physics, Chemistry, or Biology, you’ll find chapter-wise summaries, important formulas, and diagrams all in one place.


We believe in learning smart and staying consistent.  

Stay connected and keep learning!


~ Shahid Ansari

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Ray Optics – Complete Notes for Class 12 CBSE

 <b>Introduction</b><br> Ray Optics is an important chapter in Class 12 Physics that deals with the behavior of light when it travels in straight lines. This chapter includes topics like reflection, refraction, lenses, mirrors, and optical instruments.<br><br> <b>🔹 Important Concepts</b><br><br> <b>1. Laws of Reflection</b><br> - The angle of incidence = angle of reflection<br> - Incident ray, reflected ray, and normal lie in the same plane<br><br> <b>2. Refraction of Light</b><br> - When light passes from one medium to another, it bends.<br> - Snell’s Law: <br> n₁ sin i = n₂ sin r<br><br> <b>3. Lens Formula</b><br> 1/f = 1/v – 1/u<br><br> <b>4. Mirror Formula</b><br> 1/f = 1/v + 1/u<br><br> <b>5. Power of a Lens</b><br> P = 100/f (in cm)<br> Unit: Dioptre (D)<br...
Read more

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants – Class 12 Biology Notes

 ðŸŒ¸ Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants – Class 12 Biology Notes Label: Biology, Class 12, Reproduction --- 🔹 Introduction Reproduction in angiosperms (flowering plants) occurs through sexual reproduction involving flowers, gametes, and fertilization. --- 🌼 Parts of a Typical Flower Part Description Sepals (Calyx) Protects flower in bud stage Petals (Corolla) Bright coloured, attract pollinators Stamens (Androecium) Male reproductive part (Anther + Filament) Carpels (Gynoecium) Female reproductive part (Ovary + Style + Stigma) --- 🧬 Pre-fertilization Events 1. Development of Male Gametophyte Microsporogenesis: Formation of microspores (pollen grains) in anther by meiosis Microspore → Pollen mother cell → Pollen grains Mature pollen: 2 cells – Generative cell & Vegetative cell 2. Development of Female Gametophyte Ovule develops inside ovary Megaspore mother cell → Meiosis → 4 megaspores (1 functional) Embryo sac (female gametophyte): 7 cells, 8 nuclei 1 Egg cel...
Read more

Electromagnetic Induction – Class 12 Physics Notes | CBSE NCERT Based

  📚 Chapter: Electromagnetic Induction – Full Detailed Notes --- 🔸 1. Introduction Electromagnetic Induction is the phenomenon of inducing current or EMF in a conductor when the magnetic flux linked with it changes. Discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831. --- 🔹 2. Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction ✅ First Law Whenever magnetic flux linked with a coil changes, an EMF is induced. ✅ Second Law The magnitude of induced EMF is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux: \text{EMF} = -\frac{d\Phi}{dt} Negative sign from Lenz’s Law --- 🔹 3. Lenz’s Law The direction of induced EMF is such that it opposes the cause that produced it. It ensures conservation of energy. --- 🔹 4. Magnetic Flux (Φ) \Phi = B \cdot A \cdot \cos\theta  = Magnetic field  = Area  = Angle between B and normal to area --- 🔹 5. Induced EMF Types Static (by changing area/orientation) Dynamic (by relative motion of coil and magnet) --- 🔹 6. Motional EMF When a conductor of ...
Read more