The d- and f-Block Elements – Class 12 Chemistry Notes | Transition & Inner Transition Elements

 πŸ§ͺ Chapter 8: The d- and f-Block Elements



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πŸ”Ή Introduction


d-block → Groups 3–12


f-block → Lanthanides and actinides


Known as transition and inner transition elements




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πŸ”Ή Electronic Configuration


General:


d-block: (n-1)d¹–¹⁰ ns¹–²


f-block: (n-2)f¹–¹⁴ (n-1)d⁰–¹ ns²





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πŸ”Ή Properties of d-block Elements


Variable oxidation states


Formation of colored compounds


Catalytic properties


Paramagnetic behavior


Complex formation



πŸ“Œ Diagram: Table of transition elements and their oxidation states



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πŸ”Ή Important Series


First transition series: Sc to Zn


Second series: Y to Cd


Third series: La to Hg (excluding lanthanides)




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πŸ”Ή Lanthanides (4f series)


Elements: Ce (58) to Lu (71)


Properties:


+3 oxidation state common


Lanthanide contraction


Poor shielding by 4f electrons




πŸ“Œ Diagram: Lanthanide contraction chart



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πŸ”Ή Actinides (5f series)


Elements: Th (90) to Lr (103)


Properties:


Radioactive


+3 to +6 oxidation states


Poor shielding, large atomic size




πŸ“Œ Diagram: f-block placement in periodic table



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πŸ”Ή Comparison of d- and f-Block


Property d-Block f-Block


Oxidation States Variable Highly variable

Magnetic Nature Paramagnetic Strongly paramagnetic

Complex Formation Common Less common




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πŸ”Ή Applications


Catalysts (Fe in Haber process)


Pigments and dyes


Superalloys (Cr, V, Mo)


Nuclear fuels (U, Pu)




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πŸ–Ό️ Important Diagrams to Include:


1. Periodic table highlighting d- and f-block



2. Oxidation states table of d-block elements



3. Lanthanide contraction graph



4. Comparison chart: d-Block vs f-Block



5. f-block layout in period

ic table



6. Color of transition metal compounds





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✍️ Written by: Shahid – Study with Shahid

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