Reproduction in organisms -class12 biology notes
📌 What is Reproduction? Reproduction is the biological process by which living organisms produce offspring similar to themselves. Types of Reproduction: 1. Asexual Reproduction – Single parent, no gamete involvement. Examples: Binary Fission (Amoeba), Budding (Hydra) 2. Sexual Reproduction – Two parents, gamete formation, and fusion. Involves male and female reproductive systems. --- 🧪 Lifespans of Organisms: Defined as the period between birth and natural death. Mayfly: 1 day Elephant: 60–70 years Tortoise: 100–150 years --- 🌱 Asexual Reproduction Methods: Method Example Binary Fission Amoeba Budding Hydra, Yeast Fragmentation Spirogyra Spore Formation Rhizopus Vegetative Potato, Ginger --- 👫 Sexual Reproduction Stages: 1. Pre-fertilization Events Gametogenesis Gamete Transfer 2. Fertilization Fusion of male and female gametes (zygote formation) 3. Post-fertilization Events Zygote development Embryogenesis --- 🧬 Important Terms: Zygote: Single-celled formed after fertilizati...