The p-Block Elements – Class 12 Chemistry Notes | Group 15, 16, 17, 18 Full Summary
🌈 Chapter 7: The p-Block Elements --- 🔹 Introduction p-block elements = Elements of group 13 to 18 Class 12 me: Group 15, 16, 17, 18 Their outermost electron enters the p-orbital --- 🧪 Group 15 Elements – Nitrogen Family Element Symbol Atomic No. Nitrogen N 7 Phosphorus P 15 Arsenic As 33 Antimony Sb 51 Bismuth Bi 83 Important Compounds: Ammonia (NH₃) Nitric acid (HNO₃) Phosphine (PH₃) Oxides of nitrogen 📌 Diagram: Structure of nitric acid, hybridisation in NH₃ --- 🔹 Group 16 Elements – Oxygen Family (Chalcogens) Element Symbol Atomic No. Oxygen O 8 Sulfur S 16 Selenium Se 34 Tellurium Te 52 Polonium Po 84 Important Compounds: O₃ (Ozone) SO₂, SO₃ H₂SO₄ – industrially important 📌 Diagram: Contact process (H₂SO₄ manufacturing), ozone structure --- 🔹 Group 17 Elements – Halogens Element Symbol Fluorine F Chlorine Cl Bromine Br Iodine I Astatine At Important Compounds: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Interhalogen compounds Chlorine water reactions 📌 Diagram: Structures of ClF₃, IF₇ --...