Reproductive Health – Class 12 Biology Notes | CBSE NCERT Based

 ๐Ÿ“š Chapter: Reproductive Health – Class 12 Biology Notes



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๐Ÿ”ธ Introduction:


Reproductive health means a complete physical, emotional, and social well-being in all aspects of reproduction. It includes awareness, safe practices, and control over fertility.



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๐Ÿ”น 1. Need for Reproductive Health


To prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs)


To reduce maternal and infant mortality


To control population growth


To educate people about sex and contraception




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๐Ÿ”น 2. Reproductive Health Programmes in India


Started in 1951 (RCH Programme)


Objectives:


Family planning


Safe motherhood


Adolescent health


Prevention of STDs





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๐Ÿ”น 3. Birth Control Methods


a) Natural Methods:


Rhythm method (safe period)


Withdrawal


Lactational Amenorrhea (up to 6 months)



b) Barrier Methods:


Condoms (male & female)


Diaphragms, Cervical caps



c) Intrauterine Devices (IUDs):


Non-medicated (Lippes loop)


Copper releasing (Cu-T)


Hormone releasing (Progestasert)



d) Oral Contraceptives:


Pills containing estrogen & progesterone



e) Surgical Methods:


Vasectomy (male sterilization)


Tubectomy (female sterilization)




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๐Ÿ”น 4. Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)


Legal in India up to 24 weeks


Done to avoid unwanted or high-risk pregnancies


Should be performed by a registered doctor




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๐Ÿ”น 5. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)


Spread through sexual contact


Common STDs:


Gonorrhoea


Syphilis


Genital herpes


AIDS (HIV)




Symptoms: Pain, discharge, sores, infertility


Prevention: Safe sex, awareness, early diagnosis



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๐Ÿ”น 6. Infertility


Inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotected sex


Causes: Physical, hormonal, psychological


Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs):


IVF (Test Tube Baby)


IUI (Intrauterine Insemination)


ICSI (Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection)


GIFT / ZIFT





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๐Ÿ“Œ Conclusion:


Reproductive health is e

ssential for a healthy society. Awareness, education, safe practices, and proper medical care can help individuals lead a safe reproductive life.


✅ Important Diagrams from Chapter 4 – Reproductive Health (Class 12 Biology)

Here are the most exam-relevant diagrams


1. Types of Contraceptive Methods (Flowchart)


Natural


Barrier


IUDs


Oral pills


Surgical




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๐Ÿงท 2. Diagram of Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)


Cu-T


Lippes Loop


Hormone-releasing IUDs




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๐Ÿšป 3. Male Sterilization (Vasectomy)


Surgical removal or tying of vas deferens




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๐Ÿšบ 4. Female Sterilization (Tubectomy)


Surgical removal or tying of fallopian tubes




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๐Ÿงซ 5. IVF (Test Tube Baby) Process


Egg retrieval → Fertilization in lab → Embryo transfer to uterus




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๐Ÿงฌ 6. ICSI (Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection)


Direct injection of sperm into egg in lab setup




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๐Ÿ‘ถ 7. GIFT / ZIFT Methods (Assisted Reproduction)


GIFT: Gamete intrafallopian transfer


ZIFT: Zygote intrafallopian transfer




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☣️ 8. Flowchart of Sexu

ally Transmitted Diseases (STDs)


Bacterial


Viral


Fungal


Protozoan


✍️ Written by: Shahid – Study with Shahid

๐Ÿ”— Visit: https://shahidnotes12.blogspot.com





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